Environmental Factors to Improve Individual Development

Environmental Factors to Improve Individual Development Nicoline Bromwell Scenarios 1) A 65-year-old female, recently diagnosed with Alzheimers Disease. She has previously been a very active and vibrant woman, living on her own since her husband of 35 years died 5 years ago. 2) A 14-year-old minority female, facing the very real possibility that she may be pregnant. She has always struggled in school (she has been failed a grade already), and is currently a freshman in high school. Address the following questions/issues for each of the two scenarios you selected: 1) How would you design an environment to improve this persons situation and future development? 2) What kind of environmental factors would hinder this persons development? In other words, what environmental issues would make their situation worse, or what would you hope not happen in this persons world? 3) Discuss how the person is affected in the three domains of development (Biosocial (Physical), Cognitive, and Psychosocial). How might decreases or increases in development/maturity/ability affect the person? Basically, do several If/then discussions for each of the three domains. For example, If this woman has a poor psychosocial support network (like have no family or having an unsupportive family), then I would think that she may experience A love one diagnosed with Alzheimer can be very troubling for a family. Alzheimer’s disease can be a challenging journey, for all those who are involved both family members and loved ones.Taking care of someone with Alzheimers is overwhelming at times, but the more knowlegde and support the individual has, the better he/she will be prepared for the challenging road ahead and is able to seek the best long-term care options for a loved one. The best environment to help the individual development as time progresses would be one that provide loving care whether at home or in a designated facility for Alzheimer’s patients. Firstly, if she is still lucid enough, since she’s recently diagnosed I would encourage her family to get her wishes down on paper so they’ll be preserved and respected by all members of the family. I would then recommend that the family discuss the situation with her doctor , keeping in mind her wishes , see what would be the best treatment for her. They would then be armed with the knowledge of how to care for that love one. She will at some time need around-the-clock care and family members usually have their own health issues, jobs, and responsibilities. I would advise them to communication with each other to make sure that the wants and needs of the Alzheimer’s patient is met. If they cannot provide the care at home, since she was living alone, she could be relocated to live with a family member, which I would recommend, although it may be difficult, a care giver could be employed to care for her and that the caregiver would have the support of the family member to meet her needs. It will be diificult for her and her family as they have to watch her deteriorate slowly, but at home she will be monitored by love ones and most likely get the care she needs, although as the disease progresses, she may need to be hospitalized in a facility, if it becomes too hard for the family and caregiver. However for now the home environment is best. I would suggest that a sense of structure and familiarity is kept. A daily time for activities such as waking up, mealtimes, bathing, dressing, sharing family time, and bedtime. Keeping these things at the same time and place can bring a sense of familiarity to her. Let her know what is going to happen even if there is no certainty that she’ll truly understands. Use cues to start the various times of day. For example, when she wakes up you can say, â€Å" Rise and shine Mary , it’s another wonderful day.† At bedtime, you can play some quiet music or read to her, to indicate its bedtime. Also get her involved in daily activities as much as possible, as long as it is safe. For example, water the plants, folding clothing, or any other simple thing that she can do. These things will not improve her condition. But it will aim in making her more comfortably as she struggles with this disease The most that can be done for her is to make her feel loved. The worse care scenario would be if her family members are not able to get her a caregiver or put her in an institution for Alzheimer’s patient and they have to take care of her, with little or no training or knowledge of her condition. This would definitely worsen the situation. As her Alzheimer’s progresses, there will be changes in her communication skills, she’ll have trouble finding words, her hand gestures will increase, she’ll be easily confused, she’lldisplay behavior you never would have thought possible. Alzheimer’s will cause substantial changes in how she behaves, such as embarrassing or inappropriate outbursts, wandering, hallucinations, and violent behavior. Everyday tasks like eating, bathing, and dressing can become major challenges. This will become frustrating for the family members, as they don’t know how to deal with it. Imagine watching your mother change before your eyes, worsening daily and you cannot do anything about it. The family member offering care can become overwhelm and depress, he/she may even start blaming him/herself and may become too embarrass to go out, so he/she may isolate himself, or even harm the patient not willingly but as a result of being overwhelm. At some point, the care giver won’t be able to leave her one alone. Nighttime behaviors may not allow the care giver to sleep, confrontational or aggressive behaviors may exceed her ability to cope or feel safe. As the disease progresses help will definitely be needed and possible placing her in a facility that is better able to take care of her. Therefore, if this can’t be done the situation would not be hopeful. Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible, progressive brain disease that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills, and eventually even the ability to carry out the simplest tasks. Cognitive, physical, and psychosocial development is decreased. There is decline in memory and other aspects of cognition, such as word-finding, vision/spatial issues, and impaired reasoning or judgment, getting lost, trouble handling money and paying bills, repeating questions, taking longer to complete normal daily tasks, using poor judgment, and having some mood and personality changes. She’ll have problems recognizing family and friends. She’ll be unable to learn new things, carry out tasks that involve multiple steps (such as getting dressed), or cope with new situations. People with severe Alzheimer’s cannot communicate and are completely dependent on others for their care. Taking all of this in consideration whether if she has a strong or poor psychosocial support, it woul d not make much of a difference to her as all her cognitive skills are declining and will soon be gone. Physically she’ll may soon be bed ridden, Knowing no one and not able to take care of herself. The disease takes everything away from her. A student who is 14 years old facing a real possibility that she is pregnant and struggling in school faces many challenges. On her own it’s a frightening struggle. She needs supports, guidance and education, At this time family is very important. Therefore, the prefect environment for her would be one where she feels love and support. She needs someone she can talk to and trust, who can offer guidance and support. Sometimes the father is not present and this is usually the case. She is now frightened at the fact that she now has to face this alone, the realization that a new is life growing inside of her is quite unsettling as she is not prepared and she doesn’t know how to cope. She questions herself, â€Å"How am I going to take care of a child?†, â€Å" What are my peers going to think about me?†, â€Å"How are they going to treat me?†, â€Å"Should I keep the baby?†, â€Å"I am failing in school, How can I take care of a child?† , â€Å"Who is going to take care of me?† She has so many questions; she needs help getting those answers. She needs help finding herself and moving into the right direction. The environment that would be ideal for her would have to help her deal with the situation she is in and help with her future development. Firstly I would encourage her to make sure she is pregnant before doing anything else, and if she is then I would help her find someone she can trust and is able to talk to, such as a counselor, a family member or a teacher, so that she can make informed decisions. She would now need to tell her parents and if they are willing to help her, we can start from there. If they were not, she would need someone who is willing to offer support, for example an organization for pregnant teens, where she can relate with others in her own situation, or a supporting relative. When this is accomplished, She now needs to continue school, which will be difficult, but quite necessary, and she needs to decided whether or not she is able to keep the baby, and if she chooses not to, she can have an abortion or give the child up for adoption, which I would encourage, then continue on with her schooling.Hopefully, she will learn from her mistakes and get help in order to improve her grades ,therefore doing better in school. If she is with a supportive relative, she can get an after school job to help herself and through education she’ll have a better future. However, if she chooses to keep the child, which would not be wise at 14, with her social situation, she’ll need to also finish school and get help in improving her grade. She’ll also need a job to help support herself and her child. However if her parents offer to help she’ll have some support in taking care of the child. Otherwise keeping the child would be a very hard task for 14 years old on her own. Therefore, she would need to make an informed decision taking into consideration what is best for herself and the child.This she would do with the help of a responsible adult. I would advise her if she has no help to give up the child for adoption because at 14 she is a child herself. She is not physically, socially, or emotionally ready to be a mother. It is obvious that she is not able to make responsible decisions on her own, at her age; her cognitive skills are still developing. Throughout the entire process, I would ensure that she has someone to talk to because she needs this kind of support to get through the situation emotionally. As she is being prepared to deal with her situation and faces the coming obstacles in her pathway, I would hope she learns from her mistakes and realize that this is not the ideal situation for her .If she doesn’t then this could have devastating impact on her future taking in consideration the fact that she is failing in school. This could be as a result of lack of parental guidance, if they are too busy working or doing something else to see what is happening in their daughters life, she has no extrinsic motivation to excel, and she is obviously not intrinsically motivated , she just does what she wants,or is influenced by her peers and at this age teenagers naturally want to explore and try new things, this could be why she is pregnant. Now being faced with and adult issue at an early age,she has to be the one to take her future in her own hand, if she does and decide to move on , she will face , criticism from her peers, and she will stuggle with the fact that she has to g ive up her first child, she is pregnant at 14, and she faces the danger of herself and the baby being malnourished, or being born with illness and deformity as a result of not having adequate medical care. She also faces a higher risk for postpartum depression than adults who give birth, and if left untreated, postpartum depression in a teen can affect her development and her infant’s quality of care, if she keeps the child. She’ll have to misses school for doctors visit, and she is already failing.. She has to deal with these situation daily, using her teenagers abilities. Hopefully, she is able to overcome these struggles with help from an adult and effectively continue with her life. However if she cannot, she may end up pregnant again not having any education. A Guttenmacher Institute study found that a large percentage of teen moms often find themselves homeless, in non-permanent living situations, as they move between the homes of friends, siblings, other family members and baby’s father. So now she may seek the support of the first person offering her kindness, and this may not necessarily be a good thing, she could end up being used and abused with little hope for the future. Living on the streets, or living with an older man at an early age, prostitution and so much more may result from her situation. Her situation now greatly impacts her Physical, Cognitive, and Psychosocial development. .During this time the mother is still developing physically, she needs proper nutrition in order develop properly, now with a baby growing inside her she’ll need more food from every food group so that the baby can develop properly, if this is not done them they both could be malnourish causing problem with the baby and placing extra stress on her body. If she drinks alcohol this can cause the baby to develop fetal alcohol syndrome which occurs when alcohol passes through the placenta, causing potential physical and mental defects. However if she is properly nourish then most likely she will develop fine and her baby will be healthy. Also her cognitive development will be hampers as she will miss school,even drop out and during this stage cognitive development is marked by an increase and missing out will impact the teenagers advancement in knowledge and understanding. Research has shown thatâ€Å"The dropout rate among teen mothers in the U.S. is high, and this population represents a large percentage of the total high school dropouts. Only about half of teen mothers earn a high school diploma by the time they turn 22, and earning a diploma may be more difficult for teen moms who have a second child.† As a result the teenager is not educated, cannot hold a good job and lives in an impoverish condition.Statistics have shown that this behavior is usually repeated with the teenagers children. Psychosocial development is also hampered as during this stage of psychosocial development, according to Erickson, teens need to develop a sense of self and personal identity. Success leads to an ability to stay true to yourself, while failure leads to role confusion and a weak sense of self.Being pregnant at this stage , the teen as no sense of self or personal identity, she is struggle with the situation, She is identified as a teenage mother, her sense of self is distorted. She is confused, and frustrated and easily mislead into situations that may be worse for her. However if she has support and someone to offer good council this situation may change, her self-esteem can be build and she will not look at herself through the eyes of others, but she will see her potential and see the present situation as a learning experience.

Debunking the Democratic Peace Theory Essay

The development of the democratic peace theory started with the writings of has its roots in the writings of German Philosopher Immanuel Kant. In 1795 Kant went talked about â€Å"perpetual peace based partially upon states sharing ‘republican constitutions.’† He then said, â€Å"that a republican form of government, exemplifying the rule of law, provides a feasible basis for states to overcome structural anarchy and to secure peaceful relations among themselves.† Kant continues to argue that â€Å"once the aggressive interests of absolute monarchists are tamed and once the habit of respect for individual rights is engrained by republican governments, wars would appear as the disaster to people’s warfare,† rather than an instrument for growing a state, as it was used for many centuries. This was the true beginning of what we now know to be the Democratic Peace Theory. This theory remained dormant in the minds of realists and neo-realists that strongly influenced the field of international relations for centuries leading into the Cold War. In 1972, American sociologist Dean Babst published an article in which he reported â€Å"no wars have been fought between independent nations with elective governments between 1789 and 1941.† This enlightened the worlds of political science and international relations and ever since studies have followed this theory, constantly supporting it and positive relationships between democracies. Expanding on Kant’s original idea of democratic peace, political science professor Bruce Russett a very hot topic, exclaiming, â€Å"democracies had rarely if ever gone to war with each other† as a fact. With this simple statement, Russett made political scientists either accept or oppose the democratic peace theory and countless attempts to support each point of view with historical evidence. Democratic peace theorists have long asserted that all democracies are not only more peaceful than other governments, but are prone to fight against countries ran by other forms of government when they are engaged in war. These theorists and political science buffs argue that democratic peace is supported by a long history of peace and civility between democracies versus military action elsewhere. However, the democratic peace theory is problematic because it prematurely takes a stance on the grounds that a correlation between democratic status and incidence of war is proof of an ally relationship between nations opposed to a statistical anomaly. Does a historical anomaly excuse the desire for mutual democratic passivity? Ph.D. Sebastian Rosato of the University of Chicago argues, â€Å"Democracies do not reliably externalize their domestic norms of conflict resolution and do not trust or respect one another when their interests clash.† Rosato makes a very accurate observation , democracies tend to be rather secretive or even circumvent surrounding conflict resolution particularly with other democracies. Having a democratic government does not assure universal peace, and different forms of democracy assure disputes and clashes between governments between exceedingly democratic societies. In reality, some of the most thorough liberal democratic end up in war with non-democratic nations, justifying combat with the claim of spreading democracy. Though economic interests are typically apparent and the underlying motive for warfare, media throughout democratic countries end up not only tolerating, but also accepting and normalizing war as if it was a trending topic that came and went. Representative democratic systems lead to monolithic party structures that initiate war and still get elected to new terms and positions in government. Advocates of the democratic peace theory often fail to discuss colonial wars and civil wars, as they do not support the theory and its ultimate goal of widespread peace. The histories of many democratic countries have proven to not hold up with the democratic peace theory. Democratic countries have repeatedly fought colonial and civil wars which critics show to make the democratic peace theory false. Political Scientists Ravlo, Gleditcsch, and Dorussen expand upon the colonial war aspect of opposing the Democratic Peace Theory in â€Å"Colonial War and the Democratic Peace† in 2003’s The Journal of Conflict Resolution. They elaborate on reasons suggested to explain why colonial wars do not invalidate the democratic peace argument, saying, â€Å"First, although democracies rarely, if ever, fight one another, they participate in war as much as non-democracies. Thus, mixed political dyads have the greatest propensity for war. Second, the nature of colonial conflict has changed over time. Finally, a correct assessment of the democratic peace argument needs to rely on a multivariate model.† The trio makes great points regarding colonial wars and how they work against the democratic peace theory. Regarding the first point, if non-state rivals were perceived to be nondemocratic, democratic states would regularly engage in colonial wars. Also, the nature of colonial conflict has indeed changed over time, and the relationship between democracy and colonial war is tested in imperialist, colonial, and postcolonial eras. With appropriate control variables in place, it is apparent that the positive relationship between democracy and war begins to vanish. History also shows us that in the post-World War II period, democracies begin to fight colonial far less than non-democracy states. There are various reasons why this occurred other than a simple theory that universal democracy equals world peace without question. Primarily this may have occurred due to changes in the views non-European peoples, typically in non-democracies outside of the primarily Caucasian western world. Legendary Political Scientist and Nobel Peace Prize Nominee stresses, â€Å"It is primarily democracies that h ave made colonial conquests and fought wars to prevent the liberation of colonies,† and, â€Å"Preferring to deal only with â€Å"coherent,† â€Å"mature,† and â€Å"stable† democracies, when these varying regimes prevent coherence, maturity, and stability abroad, is clearly ethnocentric.† Excluding the civil and colonial war histories form democratic governments from the study and validation of the democratic peace theory not only makes the affirmative point of view on the theory inaccurate, but also does come off very ethnocentric. In short, civil and colonial wars expose some of the bloodiest and most dysfunctional, corrupt eras in the governments of democracies around the globe. In the published piece, â€Å"Democracies are Their Own Enemies,† Political Science Professor Dr. Gilbert N. Kahn claims, â€Å"In watching the events throughout the world over the past few weeks, one is struck by how profoundly challenged democracy has become. In the United States, Great Britain, and even Israel, fundamental democratic values appear to be undermined by the political behavior of elected leaders. All of this is occurring at a time when the West is trying to sell democracy to the world.† While America is being criticized for starting war through attempting to sp read democracy with clear economic motives, Israel is realizing the extent of its social and economic disparities as a few rich families have their hands in much of the government, and The United Kingdom is seeing regular revolts and terror attacks in its economic centers. Democracies are becoming their own enemy in promoting a democratic government, and showing how they react when under social and economic pressure. Democratic nations rarely engage in wars of aggression against other democratic nations, absent substantial provocation or dire necessity. Nations tend to go to war mainly based upon: Expansion of territory or ideals, defense and pre-emptive strike upon a threatening nation, or conflicts of interest that are inexplicable through diplomacy. These other vital conflicts are worth further consideration. Two democracies could still find themselves inexplicable conflicts of interest. If both two democracies required resources in a border region to prevent their economic turmoil, economies from collapsing, and there wasn’t enough resource in that border region to share between the two of them, that just may force them against each other. Under conditions when democracies are in competition under the pressure of economy, the democratic peac e theory supplies no explanation for why widespread democracy would work equally peacefully for all nations. Democratic Peace Theory harps on the idea that democratic nation-states won’t go to war because its citizens would vote against heads of government for re-election for putting the nation in conflict. No one likes the idea of war despite whatever government they live under, or the idea of family members being sent off for extended periods of time without a promise of returning. According to Dr. Hebert West, â€Å"correlation does not equate to causation is one of the first and foremost rules of the social sciences, and causality requires several alternative explanations to be proven wrong.† The fact that the correlation between democracy and war does not equate to causation proves that though correlation between democracy and peace is strong by many accounts, sufficient evidence to prove that a causal relationship exists in the desired direction by democratic peace theorists, without the influence of other variables, has yet to be published. This disproves a key part of the democratic peace theory: that the need for the face of government discourages igniting war. The field of International Relations has always debated when and why democracies would go to war with one another. Debaters disagree that liberal ideas in democracies help them avoid war. The over legitimacy of empirical evidence typically used to defend democratic peace also comes under fire in most political fields. Using historical evidence to prove that widespread democracy bring world peace is a very far fetched comment without examining all the details that make it possible for democracies to engage in war internationally with having the action always take place within the non-democratic state. The theory has been difficult to prove empirically, which is why it remains a theory. While the idea of democratic peace is enticing, it does not allow for the error that occurs even when international democracy is accomplished. When looking at the face of historical circumstance the democratic peace theory may appear to be true. However, when one uses this historical anomaly as a predictive tool for future behavior of states seems ill-informed when no one field of politics can agree on one side of the argument, or give solid evidence that democratic peace would be successful even if applied. The longevity of democratic peace is strongly unlikely as no two democracies have ever been the same. Difference in ideals encourages nations to force their form of democracy on other countries. Democratic peace theory takes advantage of circumstance. This debunks the idea that if all nations were liberal democracies, there would be no war because no two democracies are the same and the urge to spread one nation’s ideals will always cause conflict. A strong example of a democracy that helps break down the democratic peace theory is South Africa. On April 26, 1994, South Africans of all heritages voted like never before to mark the symbolic end of apartheid and the beginning of South Africa’s rough transition to democracy. In nearly two decades, South Africa has achieved greater political stability and greater economic freedom and growth, lowering public debt. While major political parties hold on to democratic ways, more South Africans now receive education and have access to electricity and clean water. However, South Africa still has major challenges ahead such as extremely high HIV/AIDS rates and government corruption. South Africa is a democracy in that it is a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives. South Africa is rather peaceful with its neighboring countries (Lesotho, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Swaziland, Mozambique and Namibia), bei ng that the last official war South Africa has engaged in was the Boer War (1899-1902). The war was supposedly based on British expansion with â€Å"an underlying cause being the presence in the Transvaal territory of the largest gold-mining complex in the world, beyond direct British control.† This sounds familiar, that the United Kingdom, a democracy, would kill and pillage for economic, monetary benefit. South Africa is a perfect example of why universal democracy would not manifest into long-term world peace. South Africa is a representative democracy; in that it’s current government is a variety of democracy, opposed to direct democracy. South Africa’s Legislative Branch consists of the National Council of Provinces where there are 90 seats are occupied by 10 members elected by each of the nine provincial legislatures for five-year terms, and the National Assembly where 400 seats are occupied by members elected by popular vote under a system of proportional representation to serve five-year terms. South Africa also has a common judiciary system where The Constitutional Court, Supreme Court of Appeal and High Courts have the power to protect and regulate their own processes, and to develop the common law. However, South Africa’s executive branch is unique In that the people to not vote directly for their president, Jacob Zuma, instead South African citizens only have the power to elect members of the National assembly, which in turn ends up choosing the next president for the country. In a world where the democratic peace theory is put into action, South Africa’s different way of running a government while still under the title of democracy would certainly clash with democracies of the western world. The People’s Republic of China is a huge world player and has seen an incredible economic boom since the 1990’s. China’s Legislative Branch has a National People’s Congress where the level of Congress directly below them indirectly chooses them. The Judicial court has a typical high court and smaller courts. However the executive branch is run by Communist Party of China (CPC), â€Å"whose power is enshrined China’s constitution.† Local politicians are voted for but a hierarchical electoral college chooses higher officials and the president, Hu Jintao, a position that was officially created in China’s 1982 constitution. Though China’s Communist Party has modernized its authoritarianism to fit the times, it is still certainly an authoritarian government. As a communist country that runs on a social organization characterized by submission to authority and its administration, which is, compared to the size of the country, concentrated in a small group of politicians. China isn’t engaged in war, and hasn’t been since the Sino-Vietnamese War of 1979. Also China still owns Tibet after invading the territory in 1950. Given this information, China maintains relationships with many of it’s neighbors so that the two nations never reach the point of war, but cannot be classified as non-violent wit neighboring countries Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Vietnam. The Islam Republic of Afghanistan is made of one of the world’s oldest nations. Afghanistan is certainly a totalitarian country, being that the Islam Republic of Afghanistan is a political where the state holds total authority over the society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life. Afghanistan’s judicial branch consists of the Supreme Court, High Courts, and Appeal Courts. The legislative branch consists of a National Assembly, which consists of an upper and lower house. The executive branch, however, is run by the president, which is voted in by the public through a run off majority vote. President Hamid Karzai is the head of the executive branch, serving as the head of state and the Command-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Afghanistan. Afghanistan is currently in a war with the United States. In fact, the War in Afghanistan began on 7 October 2001, as the armed forces of the United States, the Kingdom, France, Australia, and the Afghan United Front launched Operation Enduring Freedom following the September 11, 2001 terror attacks. America has tried to introduce democracy to Afghanistan while fighting the war on their land and killing their citizens, a common action of democracies around the world. Hence, Afghanistan is currently not in good peaceful with its neighbors, which include Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Iran. Indubitably, the democratic peace theory is simply just that, a theory. It is doubtful that democracies are less violent that other countries, despite not having militarized disputes with other democracies. With that in mind, the tendency for democracies to attack fledgling democracies has shown to stand out among the observed pattern that democracies do not fight with each other if the hegemonic or economic or hegemonic benefits are high enough. This debunks the claim that democracy determines the level of peace between any given states. Perhaps relationships between democracies are simply just a facade and raise the question of alternative explanations, such as a spurious relationship. Political Science Professor Erik Gartzke proposes that, â€Å"it is capitalism, and not democracy, that is the independent variable which causes peace and war.† Despite the validity of this claim, one would doubt that the state of international war and affairs would depend upon one single variable regardless. It is much more likely that a combination of variables between nations, under specific conditions, creates one of countless outcomes necessary for the potential for war. The spread of democracy is relatively new compared to other widespread forms of government and statehood, providing far too few examples to weigh its statements on. Works Cited â€Å"British Military & Criminal History in the period 1900 to 1999.† Stephen’s Study Room. http://www.stephen-stratford.co.uk/boer_war.htm (accessed November 29, 2012). Chan, Steve. In Search of Democratic Peace: Problems and Promise. Mershon International Studies Review 41 (1997): 59-91. Chan, Steve. â€Å"In Search of Democratic Peace: Problems and Promise.† Mershon International Studies Review 41 (1997): p. 60 â€Å"CONSTITUTION OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA.† People. English.people.com.cn/constitution/constitution.html (accessed November 20, 2012). Dorussen, Han, Nils Peter Gleditsch, and Hilde Ravlo. â€Å"Colonial War and the Democratic Peace.† The Journal of Conflict Resolution Vol. 47, no. No. 4 (2003): 520-548. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3176207 (accessed November 20, 2012). Doyle, Michael W. â€Å"Kant, Liberal Legacies, and Foreign Affairs.† Debating the Democratic Peace. Eds. Michael E. Brown, Sean M. Lynn-Jones and Steven E. Miller. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1996, p.24 Gartzke, Erik A. â€Å"Erik A. Gartzke, Associate Professor, University of California, San Diego.† UCSD. Haas, Michael. 1995. â€Å"When Democracies Fight One Another, Just What is the Punishment for Disobeying the Law?† Paper presented at the 91st annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, August, Chicago. 7. Haas, Michael. 1995. â€Å"When Democracies Fight One Another, Just What is the Punishment for Disobeying the Law?† Paper presented at the 91st annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, August, Chicago. 14. Khan, Dr. Gilbert. â€Å"Democracies are Their Own Worst Enemies.† The New Jersey Jewish News, August 17, 2011. http://www.njjewishnews.com/ (accessed November 20, 2012). Russett, Bruce. Grasping the Democratic Peace: Principles for a Post-Cold War World. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993: p. 4 Sebastian Rosato (2003). The Flawed Logic of Democratic Peace Theory. American Political Science Review, 97, pp 585-602. West, Dr. Herbert. â€Å"The History of ‘Correlation Does Not Imply Causation’ .†Slashdot. October 3, 2012. http://news.silobreaker.com/the-history-of-correlation-does-not-imply-causation. (Accessed November 20, 2012).

A Review of Uc Essay Examples

A Review of Uc Essay Examples Uc Essay Examples Can Be Fun for Everyone Ensure that your essay creates a positive impression. The essay is intended to be a revealing look within your ideas and feelings. This essay would like to know whether this mindset of out-of-the-box-ness is something you're already comfortable with. The very first portion of this essay is all about problem-solving. Before getting to the job of writing an admissions essay, allocate a while to familiarize yourself with well-written essay examples. A typical essay includes various information that's often located at specific portions of the essay. Really, the application essays are a lot closer to a quick story. The essay portion of the application is crucial as it gives us more insight into who you are and who you are interested in being. Because personal statements are short, you just won't have enough time to spell out everything you've loved about a specific subject in enough detail to make it count. 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Gender Equality And The Rights Movement - 1706 Words

Gender is defined as distinct from sex in that it refers to the social and cultural constructs which, defines his or her roles in society. Thus the concept of gender equality is necessary however not sufficient. Society promotes the idea that anyone can do or become anything in this world as long as we work hard for what we choose to do. Schools teaches us that no matter what we are black, white, Mexican, male, female, or transgender that it doesn’t matter. What matters is the work and effort put into what the end result is. It seems that we have gone further and further away from what is supposed to be. Women have fought for their rights since 1840 where, â€Å"a small group of women set about to change their second-class status. They launched a peaceful revolution that has since encircled the globe-the Women s Rights Movement. At the convention they held in Seneca Falls, New York, 68 women and 32 men signed a Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions.† (Women and the Equal Rights Movement -- National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary, n.d.) Society has struggled with the term of gender for several years. Gender has now become such an important part in our community that we have incorporated it in our everyday lives. We have changed our outlooks of femininity/masculinity, our choice of jobs in the workforce, our places in the world have dramatically changed by this thing called gender. As stated in Gender: An Interdisciplinary Perspective by Wendy Wood andShow MoreRelatedGender Equality And The Movement For Women s Rights On A Global Scale1174 Words   |  5 Pagesawareness about gender equality and the movement for women’s rights on a global scale. In fact, there are two controversial perceptions of the meaning of feminism and what feminists stand for. For many years, feminism is considered a series of mere actions exhorting for only women, which is anti-men and overaggressive. Recently, there is a gradual change in the understanding of what feminism is. It is all about the equality that every living human shoul d be treated regardless of gender, race, religionRead MorePublic Opinion on Gender Issues: Human Rights, American Civil Rights, and Feminist Movements1328 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Movements that Significantly Affected Public Opinion on Gender Issues: Human Rights, American Civil Rights, and Feminist Movements The development of social movements in the course of human history has led to unprecedented changes that challenged the not only the status quo, but most importantly, the worldviews of societies as well. Social movements have sprung to create a new world order that defined human societies as they exist today. It is not surprising, then, that social movements likeRead MoreSwedens Role Of Women In The Australian And Swedish Government1409 Words   |  6 PagesSince the 20th century, Sweden has evolved into the 6th highest ranking parliament, when it comes to women; although, Australia’s parliament is ranked as 50th regarding gender equality, the country was one of the first nations to acknowledge women’s suffrage (Inter-Parliamentary Union 2017). Sweden’s government is a monarchy comprised of a multiparty system parliament (Riksdag). Representatives are elected and nominated by the people to take part in the Swedish parliament, titled Riksdag. LikewiseRead MoreDo es Feminism Create Equality?1037 Words   |  5 PagesDoes Feminism Create Equality? Feminism is an umbrella term for people who think there is something wrong with the idea that gender has the capability to limit an individual’s social and political right. Even if there is inequality between men and women, feminism has never been the main reason to give women their civil rights. Feminism started among European activists in the 19th century, when women were not treated equally and were not elected to high positions of power. Indeed, it sought to eliminateRead MoreThe Issue Of Sexual Assault On College Campuses1149 Words   |  5 Pageshistory women have sought for equality. Men, for all of time, have had more power and opportunities. Women have never been afforded the same rights men have. Recently as the feminist movement once again gains steam, women’s rights are finally being discussed at length. The United States of America has become more progressive as a nation, and gender equality is now something we are striving for. The feminist movement has a great hand in our ability to finally reach gender equality. Again, due to the countryRead MoreFeminism : Third Wave Feminism962 Words   |  4 Pagesfor their rights for equality not just in the workplace but also their right to vote. The movement for gender equality was originally viewed as a great effort by women for women. Today feminism is a subtitle of equality. Giving us the new definition of feminism called third-wave feminism or gender equality. Modern feminism means equality for men and women whereas, a century ago, feminism meant that women should have the same rights as men. People are all given the same human rights, yet men andRead MoreSuffrage Mmovement Divided1024 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Without doubt, the last century has witnessed an unprecedented expansion of women’s rights, in one of the most profound social revolutions the world has ever seen. One hundred years ago, only two countries allowed women to vote. Today, that right is virtually universal. Millions of men and women around the world today advocate to end violence against women, and a record two-thirds of countries have passed laws against it.† – Michelle Bachelet, UN Women Executive Director The battle for women’sRead MoreGlass Ceiling in the Australian Work Force1506 Words   |  7 PagesGlass ceiling in the Australian work force is still an issue in today’s society. I will demonstrate how stereotyping affects males’ perception of women and how it affects women’s perception of gender roles, which supports the concept, that glass ceiling still exists. Stereotyping is to believe that, â€Å"all people or things with similar characteristics are the same,† (â€Å"stereotype†, 2014). The term glass ceiling refers to the invisible barriers that prevent women from succeeding and moving up the metaphoricRead MoreFeminism : A Social Movement899 Words   |  4 Pagesprominent. Referred to as third wave feminism, it is a social movement focused on equality of the sexes. At the core this idea is simple but when applied to modern day societies it becomes increasingly complex and even, at times, convoluted. For the most part, this particular wave of feminism is primarily concerned with first world countries and their accompanying issues as patriarchal societies. This aspect alone elicits criticism of the movement and grounds on which some try to use to dismiss its pointsRead MoreThe Fight For Women s Rights1711 Words   |  7 PagesBurke 1 The word feminism essentially represents the cumulative number of ideologies and movements that advocate the equal rights of women on all grounds. While the concept has been present for centuries, its magnitude in the United States has only become largely recognized throughout the 20th century. In particular, feminism has had its most lasting effects through two large waves in the early 1900’s, whilst fighting for women’s suffrage, and the 1960’s to 1970’s, which focused on women in the workplace

Analysing And Comparing Two Financial Institutions...

London South Bank University Course: Financial Markets and Institutions Topic: Analysing and comparing Two Financial Institutions Performances (Lloyds Bank and Triodos Bank) in period between (2008-2014) Student name: Mustafa Mohamad Student Number: 3301147 Name of Lecturer: DR Carolina Valiente Table of contents Page Numbers Abstract 3 Bank Overview 4 Introduction 4 Banks overview 5 Methodology Result and analyses 6 Analyzing Banks activities, In Term of lending, funding and misleading. 12 Conclusions 13 References 14 Abstract In this paper, aims to comparison of two financial institutions performances during the economic crisis. Answering this by analyzing which of them has been effected and unaffected during this period? Moreover did these banks increased their lending or reduced to retailer and customers. In additional have the banks received any help from the government or central bank? .Doing this by focusing on financial ratios and financial measurement ratios such as profitability ratios, liquidity ratio and leverage ratio of both banks. Both banks considered as the largest banks in value of market and social impacts in the United Kingdom. Lloyds bank is a commercial bank and triodos bank is sustainable bank. Moreover, the result of this paper determined that, the financial performance of two banks as regard to differences in their activities, return on equity and the return on assets utilization declined for Lloyds bank during the six year of EconomicShow MoreRelatedBanking Industry And Business Development Of The Uk1380 Words   |  6 Pagesthe following issues. The first section will give an explanation of high street banks and look at the brief history of Bank of England, followed by comparing their differences in several perspectives. The second section will look at the Financial Services Act 2012 which gave the Bank of England more powers and responsibilities after the financial crisis. The third section will discuss the adjustments in governance and accountability of the Bank of England in co-occurrence. The slang term â€Å"high street†Read MoreThe Crisis And Financial Crisis2128 Words   |  9 Pageswith the continuously deepened process of financial liberalisation and financial deregulation, the increasing improvement of financial innovation and the intensified fierce competition, diversified operational strategy has shown an increasingly apparent trend among financial institutions. A wave of business diversification swept global financial firms from the later 1980s until the recent financial crisis happened. From the microeconomics perspective, comparing with specialised business structure, aRead MoreStability Of Islamic Versus Conventional Banks3295 Words   |  14 Pagesdeterminants involving Malaysian Islamic and conventional banks over the period of 2004 – 2013. Design: The study employs the financial ratios and z-score index as indicators of bank stability. A series of parametric and non-parametric tests are used to compare the stability of Islamic and conventional banks. Then, we estimate pooled OLS regression controlling for Islamic banks dummy, crisis period dummy, bank specific, market structure, and macroeconomic factor to examine the determinants of bank stabilityRead MoreGoldman Sachs Essay6606 Words   |  27 PagesAFF 5050 Global Banking Institutions and Issues Group Assignment Letter of Transmittal Dr Piyadasa Edirisuriya Department of Accounting and Finance Caulfield campus, Monash University 900 Dandenong Road Caulfield East VIC 3145 Re: Major Report for Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. Dr Piyadasa Edirisuriya, According to the assignment requirement, we hereby submit this report for Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. Based on the report, we went deep into Goldman Sachs’s history, products and servicesRead MoreAustralian Financial Services Licence No3680 Words   |  15 PagesCherie Allman, Rosa Castrillejo, Jenny Somers and Sandy Wang Authorised representatives of TAFEY FINANCIAL SERVICES ABN 12 345 678 901 Australian Financial Services Licence no. 12345 5 November 2014 Contents Executive Summary 1 1. Alliance Pty Ltd requirements 2 2. Tafey Financial Services 2 3. Company information 3 3.1. Commonwealth Bank of Australia 3 3.2. Bank of Queensland 3 4. Financial ratios for CBA and BOQ 4 4.1. Current ratio 6 4.2. Quick ratio 6 4.3. Price/earnings (P/E) ratioRead MoreA Report On Growth Of Japan From The Post War Period3626 Words   |  15 Pagesthe intense competition, Japan decided to transform and focus their industry from agriculture and low-tech manufacturing to high-technology and precision goods (e.g. optical instruments and hybrid vehicles) sectors in 1970s to resolve the on-going crisis. Japan had become a wealthy country and moved from a less developed country into a more developed country by the end of 1980s and successfully transformed itself into a high-technology region in 1990. Hence they have the largest electronics industryRead MoreA Report On Capital Goods Industry3211 Words   |  13 Pagesconfidence levels and advances in technology. The higher and more steady the domestic demand factor, the greater the direct and indirect macro-economic spin-off (Corporate Strategy and Industrial Development, 2006; Walker Minnitt, 2006). The present study will serve to explain the effect of Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC) on the financial performance of two nominated firms; United Group Ltd (UGL) and Resource Equipment Ltd (REL). UGL as stated on their website (2014) was founded in 1970. It has developedRead MoreDominos Pizza7010 Words   |  29 Pagesâ€Å"Strategic and Financial analysis of Domino’s Pizza, Leadership of Deliver’s Pizza which representing  ¼ of the global fats food’s market in UK† Salford Business School B.Sc. (Hons.) Business and Management Studies Iut de Roanne DUETI Academic Year 2009 - 2010 Clara Lacroix Clara.lacroix@bvra.univ-st-etienne.fr Mme Latuillere 2 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I/ STRATEGIC ANALYSIS: A- Analyzing the strategic environment 1- PESTEL a) Political and Economic b) Social andRead MoreConsumer Perspective About Quality Service Provided by Pizza Hut and Dominos21258 Words   |  86 Pages1.1 AN introduction overview TO THE BROAD AREA OF TOPIC This research is based on comparison of Quality service offered by pizza hut and dominos. This research is based on to test the quality of service and comparison between two Pizza Houses. The fast food industries of India is experiencing phenomenal growth and is one of the fastest growing sectors in the country, with the compounded annual growth rates of the market crossing 25%. Further, on the back of changing and busy lifestyle, fast emergingRead MoreWomen Entrepreneurs: a Critical Review of the Literature12149 Words   |  49 Pagesstyles and management strategies in small business; and (4) Barriers and conflicts encountered by women business owners. The article argues that further study and critical analysis is required, particularly examining relationships between changing economic contexts and cultural meanings of work, and women’s unique ways of crafting entrepreneurial leadership. Questions are suggested for future research continuing the inquiry into women’s leadership as small business owners. Women Leaders in Small

Collaboration and Communication in Business Free Essays

Increasingly, employees are in jobs where interaction is their primary value-adding activity (Laudon Laudon, p. 90). List and describe collaboration and communication tools that you use regularly. We will write a custom essay sample on Collaboration and Communication in Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now How do they improve your work both in terms of the process and the product? What is the approach that organisations could adopt in relation to these tools to improve organisational performance? Fortunately (or unfortunately), I have been working with the same organization for the last 19 years. As a result, I have been witness to the evolution of my organization globally in terms of being â€Å"tech savvy† towards effective use of communication and collaboration tools. In my opinion, the more the business is facing turbulence in terms of market and/ or competitors, the higher the need emerges for collaboration and communication. In the good old days of 90’s, when we used to do business in countries, with little or insufficient IT infrastructure and capabilities, we used to still manage effectively the customer relationships and profitability of the business through telecommunication links like fax and telephones as well as F2F meetings with the stakeholders involved. Somehow, it appeared to be relatively easier to make business dealings under such circumstances. Although, it is worth mentioning, that the core value proposition of the products and/ or services during those times were considered by our customes, to be due to the high technology and streamlined product development processes of our company. With the advent of internet as a viable channel of communication and information sharing and the diversification of business into different market segments and geographical regions, it became imperative for the organization to look for easier ways of communication and collaboration. Moreover, the decline of experts with know-how or knowledge of the entire value chain of the product/ service, also calls for involvement of experts with specific domain knowledge, who need to communicate and collaborate on a regular basis, within the framework of certain rules. Starting from end nineties, we started using Lotus Notes as one-stop tool for both communication and collaboration. Since this was primarily driven by the operational level, lots of other strategic and operational tools for communication and collaboration were built around this tool. However, due to various reasons like re-organisation, diversification, cquisitions etc, this tool went on to assume a mammoth shape, lost connectivity to more up-to-date state of the art tools and was dragging down the business globally in terms of communication and collaboration. Moreover, the hierarchy of the organization was also responsible for taking a pragmatic approach towards decommissioning of this tool and creating a mo re flexible IT architecture, which can be agile and can integrate with state of the art tools across the various areas of business like marketing, product development, product delivery, logistics and supply chain and after sales services to customers. In the last 2 years our organization has moved to MS based office tool suite including tools for communication and collaboration. The legacy systems of LN are getting decommissioned and huge LN DB’s were converted and transferred to more easily manageable and accessible DB systems. Right now we are using Passport based tool suites where individual applications communicate with each other and augment the ongoing, required collaboration among the various entities of the organization. It is true that most part of the organization is adding value to the communication flow through the effective use of tools, but at the same time, more emphasis is put on sharing and storing key, useful information to be used by anybody in the organization, who may need it, e. g. by creating internal blogs or Wikis with managers motivating and/ or incentivizing information and know-how sharing. Useful collaborative tools like Live Meeting, Telepresence etc can ensure participation from different locations at different time zones, sharing the same level and content of information. Collaboration, the ability to work together especially in business is raising key concerns for organizations taking on new approaches to improve performance and outcomes. Because leaders are looking for positive signs that acquiring collaboration tools will impact the bottom line, an organization may also need to consider its communication and collaboration practices. According to research and best practices, the combination of several factors may help steer collaboration to achieve business results, through empowerment, culture, and technology. Some practical examples of each of these factors that are causing collaboration to work in business are mentioned below: Empowering People through Communication and Collaboration Empowerment is a form of approval for individuals and teams to make decisions. Starting with executive collaboration, key leaders of your organization may need to support shared goals for empowering people if they don’t already, through communication and collaboration. The reality of collaboration for leadership is through empowerment. By embracing a model of operational coordination across teams and departments, collaboration can basically drive motivation and engagement. In Harvard Business Review’s Aligning Strategy with Technology, the chapter â€Å"Empowered† dives into an example of empowered sales teams to develop sales solutions using video at Black Decker. Video as a communication form is extremely popular. Because of the complexity of Black Decker’s many different products, the sales staff is able to document challenges in the field and quickly communicate how power tools are used on job sites. As the authors Josh Bernoff and Ted Schadler pointed out, these useful bits of information also benefit senior management, corporate marketing, and public relations. Bernoff and Schadler use the phrase â€Å"highly empowered and resourceful operatives† – dubbed HEROs as characteristic of empowered teams like this example at Black Decker. In fact, the authors’ research study shows a high proportion of information workers, by industry and job type, especially marketing sales in technical products and services that are empowered to create similar customer solutions. Creating Value in Collaborative Culture The collaborative culture of an organization stems from its’ shared beliefs, values, and business practices. Author and business consultant, Evan Rosen says collaboration is about creating value. In Bloomberg Businessweek, Evan Rosen emphasizes every worker contributes knowledge to the business. Using an example at Dow Chemical, he writes, â€Å"The day’s sales and inventory numbers are shared with everybody in the company, including the people doing the heaving lifting on the front lines. Dow acknowledges that people will do a better job when they know their actions contribute or detract from business results. † Taking a step further, former CEO of Campbell Soup, Doug Conant, is famous for handwritten notes to employees celebrating their contributions. Recognition through these and other high value communication practices further strengthens a collaborative culture. Establishing a Technological Framework for Collaboration Collaboration tools essentially provide a technological framework to enable people and groups to work together. But adding new collaboration tools into the enterprise does not change things overnight. Where does an organization begin to design a technological framework? A gap analysis of workflows is often necessary and can help in redesigning processes. Furthermore, an organization’s specific data, based on activity in the organizational network, including sales, customer services and support, product development, and even external resources, can be collected, analyzed, and better routed to teams. This social intelligence can help everyone be informed. Tony Zingale, CEO, of Jive Software ‘sees change the way work gets done’ – referring to the communication and interactivity of social software like Jive. And reports are showing cost efficiencies, speed to market, and greater pool of ideas and innovation through collaboration, which are passed on to the customer through cost savings and better products. How to cite Collaboration and Communication in Business, Papers

Perverse Audit Culture and Accountability

Question: Discuss about thePerverse Audit Culture and Accountability. Answer: Introduction The modern world with a rising economic infrastructure requires new and modern tools and techniques to overcome the constraints of a growing world. The economic condition of the world is booming at its peak and every organization working in this environment needs to keep an innovative tool to evaluate its own nature and condition of the business. The industries need to look after the financial part of the company, which is one of the core areas involved in the smooth movement of a business. The proper analyzing of the income and expenditure is essential through proper evaluation of the statements and information of facts, which are relevant and verified (Geerts et al.2013). This report deals with the basic auditing practices, which are done by every organizations present in an economy in order to evaluate the process of production and set policies and regulations in order to gain competitive edge in the market. The report also emphasizes on the role of auditors and how the work of auditing is important to every organization throughout the world. Brief overview of the topic as covered in the article including the nature of the auditing issue The topic covers the problems arising in HIH insurance leading to its collapse which is stated to be the biggest tragedy in the Australian Market. This article focuses on the auditors independent issue and other ethical considerations that affected the firm badly along with the other parties related with the firm including the policyholders. The problem related with auditors independence is being analyzed and proper recommendations are suggested which HIH insurance could have done to avoid such an issue. Auditors independence- Audit independence issue played a major part in the collapse of HIH insurance. The auditors should be given enough liberty to provide an impartial prospective in the evaluation of results regarding the presentation of audit and its report (Blay and Geiger 2013). According to the reports of HIH Royal Commission, the royal commissioner revealed that Arthur Andersen was not self-regulating himself in his work and had not proficiently enacted the duties of an auditor. Three former partners of Andersen acted as the HIH Board of Directors who continued to receive fees and that generated the threat of familiarity because of a close personal relationship which restricted Arthur Andersen to work independently. APES 110 Code of Ethics takes into account the liberty matter with Section 290.28 of new policy from July 1, stating auditors of listed and public interest firms should converse with governance people in the firm continuously about stuff related to independence (Tepalagul and Lin 2015). Ethical Issues and their financial and non-financial consequences on stakeholders Ethical issues that generated in the audit profession triggered a collapse of HIH insurance. Ethical behavior in corporate world is the values and principals one works on. It so happens that professional auditors do sometimes get stuck midway that crop up from professional predicament. Auditors need to abide themselves by the ethical standards so that the shareholders get a fair deal. Objectivity, confidentiality, integrity, professional behavior and professional competence are the five principles that bind the work frame of auditors (Knechel et al. 2012). During the period from 1997-2000 HIH insurance paid Arthur Andersen around $5.1 million as audit fees and with $2.8 million going in the non-audit section. Adding to that Andersen earned around $5.097 million from auditing the monetary declaration of HIH insurance and $2.824 million from contribution in non-audit services. The issue that strikes here is that was providing Arthur Andersen with non-audit services ethical on the part of the management keeping in mind the best interests of shareholders. The HIH insurance management was uncertain in escalating the total of audit fees supposed to be paid to Arthur Andersen; Andersen wanted to lessen the quantity of service rendered on the HIH audit. Jeffrey Simpson , an ex-accountant of HIH insurance affirmed that the close association of HIH insurance management and Arthur Andersen facilitated HIH insurance to adopt aggressive accounting policies. As Andersen was also assigned to non-audit services, the real job should have been to take care of third party policies and to present the shareholders with a fair value of opinion with real picture existing in companies audit report. In case of HIH insurance, stakeholders were at plenty and the firms downfall did affect them badly. The collapse of HIH insurance was due to major players like Regulators, auditors and the Government. The shareholders of HIH suffered losses on their investment and certain reports that did the rounds after its collapse is that their insurance contracts were not privileged and claims not rewarded. APES 110 Code of ethics states that there should be credentials and recognizing the threats related to independence (Martinov-Bennie and Mladenovic 2015). When safeguards are essential to reduce a threat to an acceptable level, one need to document the nature of threat and reduce it to a satisfactory level. Analysis of the problem in the context of relevant ethical theories and agency theory Agency theory defines that as a consequence of information asymmetries, principal do not have enough reasons to trust their agents. Principal do seek to determine these anxiety by putting accordingly mechanisms to bring into line the iterests of agents as well as principals and to diminish the scope for information asymmetries and opportunistic actions. Difference in motivation and information asymmetries lead to apprehend the dependability of information causing to impact the trust level that principals will have on their agents. It is the duty of the auditor to verify the exactness and accuracy of the information offered by corporations. He plays the role of a mediator between the management and the client of this monetary information. To lessen the information asymmetry the auditor needs to communicate with those in need of the information he presents. Recommendations The above report analyzes the different roles of auditing which is important for all the organizations to overcome the weak links present in a firm. With respect to the company taken into consideration which is HIH, it can be observed that a good governance can be reachable through proper policies and administrative actions. The implementation of the best practice of ethics and governance is also important for the company to achieve its goals. Good corporate governance will be helpful to create a good working environment to reach success and to analyze the main problems which are the reasons for the failure of the company HIH. A good and sound auditor will demolish the poor management and problems resulting out of lack of skills and attention. The liability for performance and integrity in the internal system of the company can be rectified too. The auditing process provides a good administrative policies and regulations which enables the management to differentiate between the diffe rent operations and should act for the best interests of the company (Craig, Amernic, and Tourish2014). The line of authority and delegations and development of code of conduct to cover up the legal and management guidelines is an important way to monitor and review the strategic operational and projects integrated (Gray and Laughlin 2012). Conclusion The report justifies that the best corporate governance practice is required to allow good financial performance and increase the returns for the shareholders. The lapse in the monitoring model is a factor for the disregard of the principles of good corporate administration. HIH failed in attaining the periodical evaluation of the corporate practices and the policies and regulations of the company. This led to the collapse in all the sectors of the company. Thus new effective methods need to be introduced to achieve the goals of HIH and the need of a auditing and a sound auditor is required to help gain the competitive edge of the organization. Reference Blay, A.D. and Geiger, M.A., 2013. Auditor fees and auditor independence: Evidence from going concern reporting decisions.Contemporary Accounting Research,30(2), pp.579-606. Carnegie, G.D. and OConnell, B.T., 2014. A longitudinal study of the interplay of corporate collapse, accounting failure and governance change in Australia: Early 1890s to early 2000s.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,25(6), pp.446-468. Craig, R., Amernic, J. and Tourish, D., 2014. Perverse audit culture and accountability of the modern public university.Financial Accountability Management,30(1), pp.1-24. Geerts, G.L., Graham, L.E., Mauldin, E.G., McCarthy, W.E. and Richardson, V.J., 2013. Integrating information technology into accounting research and practice.Accounting Horizons,27(4), pp.815-840. Gray, R. and Laughlin, R., 2012. It was 20 years ago today: Sgt Pepper, Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, green accounting and the blue meanies.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,25(2), pp.228-255. Knechel, W.R., Krishnan, G.V., Pevzner, M., Shefchik, L.B. and Velury, U.K., 2012. Audit quality: Insights from the academic literature.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,32(sp1), pp.385-421. Martinov-Bennie, N. and Mladenovic, R., 2015. Investigation of the impact of an ethical framework and an integrated ethics education on accounting students ethical sensitivity and judgment.Journal of Business Ethics,127(1), pp.189-203. Tepalagul, N. and Lin, L., 2015. Auditor Independence and Audit Quality A Literature Review.Journal of Accounting, Auditing Finance,30(1), pp.101-121.